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Valentino Pittoni ((ドイツ語:Valentin Pittoni); May 23, 1872 – April 11, 1933) was a socialist politician from Trieste, who was mainly active in Austria-Hungary. As a follower of Austromarxism and militant of the Social Democratic Workers Party of Austria (SDAPÖ), he came to oppose both Italian irredentism and Slovenian nationalism. In the early 20th century he emerged as the key leader of the socialist movement in the Austrian Littoral region.〔E. Maserati, ("Pittoni, Valentino (1872–1933), Politiker" ), entry in the ''Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950'', Vol. 8〕 Pittoni represented Trieste in the Imperial Council, where he became known as a proponent of electoral democracy, and was additionally a member of Trieste's Municipal Council. He set up a cooperative movement, as one of several ventures ensuring inter-ethnic solidarity in the Littoral. Increasingly isolated after World War I, Pittoni was uncompromising in demanding Trieste's autonomy within Austria, and eventually its independence from the Kingdom of Italy. He was a noted adversary of Italian fascism, who lived his later life in exile in Vienna. His final contributions were as a newspaper editor and doctrinaire of interwar Austrian socialism. ==Early life== Pittoni was born on May 23, 1872, in Brazzano, part of the Cormons municipality. His father was a textile trader. During his childhood the family moved to Trieste. He studied at the Trade Academy (''Accademia di Commercio e Nautica'') in Trieste,〔 and worked on his father's business.〔 During his youth, Pittoni sympathized with irredentism.〔 He was called for military service in the Austro-Hungarian Army, and was discharged with the rank of Second Lieutenant.〔 Later, Pittoni joined the Trieste Workers Society, which, despite the name, was a moderate nationalist group with only some socialist members.〔Bosetti, p. 195〕 In 1896 he befriended the Austrian socialist leader Victor Adler, who invited him to join SDAPÖ that same year.〔Klinger, p. 85〕 For the next twenty years, Pittoni was strongly influenced by Adler's Austromarxist ideological line.〔〔Cuomo, pp. 31–32, 72; Klinger, pp. 85–88〕 He lobbied for the transformation of the Austro-Hungarian empire into a Danubian Confederation of non-territorial nationalities.〔〔Klinger, pp. 85–86; Sluga, p. 24〕 A staunch internationalist, he opposed any Italian irredentist moves.〔Apih, pp. 92–95; Bosetti, pp. 197–198; Cuomo, pp. 31–32; Klinger, pp. 85, 88, 105, 108–109〕 For Pittoni, irredentism was promoted by Italian capitalists to weaken unity of the working class. Nonetheless, he and his movement had only marginal contacts with the Slovene neighbours, as Pittoni resented Slovenian nationalism and opposed the Slavic claims over Trieste (or "urban Slavism").〔Cuomo, p. 32〕 Pittoni joined the Social Democratic League, a Triestine branch of the SDAPÖ, and, by 1902, was involved in mediating between the socialists and organised labour. That year, he helped the senior socialist leader Carlo Ucekar in directing the Österreichischer Lloyd stokers strike, but lost control of it to anarchist agitators.〔Klinger, pp. 82–83〕 The strike ended in bloodshed. The authorities were lenient toward the socialists, and willing to blame the strike on anarchists, but made a point of warning Pittoni to comply in the future.〔Sondhaus, pp. 154–155〕 Later that year, Ucekar died; Pittoni vied for and won the post as leader of the Social Democratic League.〔 With Pittoni at the helm, the Triestine socialists moved closer to the Austromarxist centre,〔〔 holding the 1905 anti-war and anti-irredentist demonstration which coincided with the official launch of ''SMS Erzherzog Ferdinand Max''.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Valentino Pittoni」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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